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There are eleven stone cairns on the Balmoral estate in Deeside, Scotland, and a single cairn on the adjoining Birkhall estate. The cairns commemorate members of the British royal family and events in their lives. The majority of the cairns were erected by Queen Victoria. The cairns commemorate the marriages of Victoria's children, of the Princess Royal (to the Frederick, Crown Prince of Prussia in 1858), Prince Albert Edward, Princess Alice, Princess Helena, Princess Louise, Prince Arthur, Prince Leopold and Princess Beatrice. Victoria's son Prince Alfred is unique in not having a cairn dedicated to him.〔 The largest cairn was erected by Victoria in memory of her husband Prince Albert.〔 The Ballochbuie Cairn marks the purchase by Victoria of the Ballochbuie forest.〔 A cairn to commemorate John Brown was erected by Victoria after Brown's death, it was later removed at the behest of Edward VII who disliked Brown.〔 Two cairns were constructed to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012. 60 stones, one for each year of Elizabeth's reign, were laid in the village of Ballater, with the main stone from a local quarry in Inver.〔 A second cairn was erected on the Balmoral estate and unveiled by the Queen on 8 August 2012, having been under construction since May. The cairn was constructed by two dry stone master 'dykers', Norman Haddow and William Crooks Cassidy, and was a gift to the Queen from her Scottish Warrant Holders and current and former employees of Balmoral.〔 The cairn is marked with an etched slate plaque with the Queen's initials and the date, made by carver Gillian Forbes.〔 The cairn was surmounted with a top stone found in a river, and 10-year-old malt whisky was poured over the final stone upon the cairn's completion.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Balmoral cairns」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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